he article presents a review of the literature on the problem of infertility and risk factors; in connection with the demographic crisis in the Russian Federation, this issue is becoming extremely relevant. According to the WHO report of 2023, about 17.5 % of the entire adult population of the world suffers from infertility, that is, about every sixth person. Statistics on infertility in the Russian Federation are also disappointing. According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the prevalence of female infertility over 10 years (2011–2021) has increased by a third, male — almost twice. In 2023, the number of women with infertility in the Russian Federation was 254.8 thousand people, of which 66.8 thousand people were diagnosed for the first time.