Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental illness that occurs as a result of exposure to traumatic events. It affects a significant number of people, including military personnel, victims of violence and survivors of natural disasters. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying biomarkers of PTSD, as they can significantly improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this disorder. Biomarkers, including neuroimaging data, genetic markers, and molecular indicators, can provide valuable information about the pathophysiology of PTSD and individual differences in stress response. This article examines current advances in the identification of PTSD biomarkers and their potential application in clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of further research in this area to improve the quality of life of patients. Objective: to systematically analyze modern scientific data on biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers of neurobiological disorders in PTSD. Materials. The literature was searched in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the key terms: PTSD biomarkers, neurobiological markers of PTSD, oxidative stress and PTSD, inflammatory biomarkers in PTSD, cytokines in PTSD. The review includes original research, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews in English and Russian that meet the following criteria: The focus is on the biochemical and inflammatory aspects of PTSD, the availability of clear diagnostic or prognostic data, and the clinical significance of the results. Special attention was paid to studies investigating disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, indicators of oxidative stress, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP), neurotrophic factors (BDNF), as well as changes in neurotransmitter systems in PTSD. Methods. In preparing this review, a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific publications devoted to the study of biochemical and inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder was carried out. The selected publications were critically analyzed in terms of methodological rigor, reproducibility of the results, and potential clinical applicability of the identified biomarkers.