Aim of the study. To assess and study the dynamics of diagnostics and treatment of HIV infection in Russia and abroad based on the literature review and statistical data for the period 2013–2023. Materials and methods of the study. Official statistical data from 80 state reports ‘On the state of sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population’ for 2013–2023, containing general data on HIV infection both in Russia and for specific cities of the Volga Federal District (the Republic of Mari El, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvash Republic) were used in the analysis. The obtained statistical materials were summarised and analysed according to the methodology developed by the Federal Centre for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, with calculation of the incidence rate per 100,000 people, testing coverage, incidence according to sex and modes of HIV infection. Results. At present, HIV infection refers to diseases with a chronic course regulated by medication. The main problem that complicates diagnosis is the long asymptomatic course of the disease, which is dangerous for both the patient and others. Despite positive dynamics in such parameters as treatment coverage and the number of cases of mother-to-fetus transmission, HIV infection remains one of the global public health problems in Russia and abroad, requiring more careful study and control.