Basic information
| Title journal: | Issues of Clinical and Fundamental Medicine |
|---|---|
| Number: | 4 |
| Year: | 2025 |
| Date of publication on the website: | 18.11.2025 |
| Full journal in PDF: | Download |
Content
THE INFLUENCE OF AGE-RELATED PROBLEMS ON THE ACCESS OF ELDERLY PATIENTS TO EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE
UDC: 614.88:616‐053.9Section: The original article
Authors: Viktor Borisovich Saleev; Viktor Sergeevich Nikitin; Natalya Nikolaevna Plotnikova
Annotation: The work is devoted to the problem of older patients. Currently, the absolute number and proportion of the elderly population is growing in many countries of the world. The study provides data on their high and “ultra-high” access to emergency medical services, which is not always a reflection of the incidence rate. The appeal of this social category of the population to the NSR is ten times higher than in other age groups. This leads to unjustified economic costs and requires appropriate correction of social programsANALYSIS OF THE DETECTION OF VIRAL HEPATITIS MARKERS IN DONORS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL OVER A TEN-YEAR PERIOD
UDC: 616.36‐002:612.1Section: The original article
Authors: Ekaterina Yuryevna Zangerova; Akatova Olga Anatolyevna; Paibaktova Tatyana Aleksandrovna
Annotation: The objective of the study was to analyze the dynamics of detection of viral hepatitis B and C markers in donors of the republic over a ten-year period, to assess and develop measures to improve donor management.
Materials and Methods. Annual statistical accounting and reporting forms, as well as data from the unified information database of blood and blood component donations, were analyzed. Confirmed screening results for viral hepatitis B and C were analyzed. The studies were conducted using ELISA and PCR methods, using test systems from different manufacturers, according to the instructions.
Results. Blood samples from 93,849 donations were analyzed for the period from 2015 to 2024. The number of donors with detected hepatitis B surface antigen during the analyzed period was 30 (32.0 per 100,000), while 62 (65.0 per 100,000) had hepatitis C markers. A retrospective analysis of the detection of hepatitis B and C markers in donors revealed no significant changes, either positive or negative, over a ten-year period, although a downward trend was noted. Since 2021, all donor blood samples with inconclusive results have been tested for antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). In just four years, 29 donors (46.3 per 100,000) were identified.
An analysis of the gender composition of donors showed that the chance of detecting HBsAg is 2.9 times higher in men. The probability of detecting HBsAg was 34.3 times higher and the probability of detecting anti-HCV was 9.2 times higher in first-time donors compared to repeat donors. No significant differences in the detection rate of aHBcor were found. Blood donated at mobile donations was rejected significantly more often, and the chance of detecting viral hepatitis markers in mobile donors was 2.8 times higherCOPD: SEARCH FOR CORRELATIONS AND COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT FORMATS
UDC: 616.24‐002Section: The original article
Authors: Roman Aleksandrovich Bontsevich; Zavitkevich Georgy Ilyich
Annotation: The high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes it necessary to consider this disease as a global problem associated with a significant number of hospitalizations and economic damage. Research on the level of knowledge of medical professionals in real clinical practice, followed by an analysis of the results, can help to understand their level of training.
Objective: to compare the general level of knowledge of medical students according to the ASCO-III study with the level of knowledge of students of Mari State University (MarSU) in the etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of COPD, to identify statistically significant differences.
Materials and methods. The final data of the 3-stage multicenter ASCO study (“The assessment of physicians' (medical students') knowledge in the field of COPD”) and the intermediate results of the 4-stage ASCO were used. To assess the respondents' knowledge, author's questionnaires were used, compiled on the basis of current domestic and international recommendations on COPD.
Results and discussion. On average, MarSU students (n = 188) demonstrated a higher level of knowledge than students who participated in ASCO-III (n = 345) (77.9 % vs 66.8 %, p < 0.01). The most difficult question for both groups was the criterion for the pronounced clinical symptoms of COPD (43.6 % vs 29.3 %) and the choice of a statement about the importance of influenza vaccination in the issue of COPD control/treatment (53.2 % vs 39.7 %), while an error in one of these questions was 5 times more likely to be combined with an error in other (OR = 4.95). The easiest question for students at ASCO-III was about the risk factors for COPD (89.9 %), for MarSU students — the choice of a method to confirm the diagnosis of COPD (95.7 %).
Conclusion. The level of knowledge of ASU medical students in the framework of the ASCO-IV study is at a satisfactory level and exceeds the general level of students in ASCO-III both in general and in most (5 out of 9) questions.FEATURES OF THE EPIDEMIC PROCESS OF VARICELLA IN THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION
UDC: 616.914(470.341)Section: The original article
Authors: Udalova Tatyana Aleksandrovna; Darya Valerievna Kvashnina; Olga Vasilevna Kovalishena
Annotation: The aim of the study is an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infection caused by Varicella Zoster virus in the Nizhny Novgorod region from 2010 to 2024. The paper considers the relevance of studying the problem of chickenpox and shingles and presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the incidence. Materials and methods: the study used data from federal statistical observation forms No. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases», the Rospotrebnadzor report «On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation in 2024». A retrospective analysis was chosen as the research method, which made it possible to assess changes in the incidence of infection caused by Varicella Zoster virus over the specified period. The results of the study. The analysis showed that in the Nizhny Novgorod region, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole, there is a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of chickenpox and shingles. The majority of chickenpox cases were children (92.9 %), with more than half (56.8 %) of the cases occurring in children aged 3–6 years. In recent years, the incidence rate in the country as a whole among adults is higher than among children: in 2022, compared with 2021, the incidence among adults increased by 49 %, among children under 17 years of age — by 23 %; in 2023, compared with 2022. The incidence increased by 22 % among adults and by 17 % among children. Conclusion. Taking into account the beginning of the next cyclical rise in morbidity, as well as the accumulation in 2020-2021 in the population of people who are not immune to the virus, there are forecasts for a further increase in morbidity in the coming years and the return of indicators to the pre-pandemic level. In this regard, it is necessary to continue studying this problem in order to find solutions for the prevention and epidemiological surveillance of this infection in order to reduce the incidence.THE IMPACT OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS ON THE PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING OF THE INDIVIDUAL
UDC: 616.895:159.923Section: The original article
Authors: Tsaregorodtseva Tatyana Aleksandrovna; Artemyeva Elena Gennadyevna; Tsaregorodtseva Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Annotation: Purpose of the study. To examine the impact of affective disorders on the psychosocial functioning of combat veterans. The study aimed to analyze the relationships between the level of depressive symptoms and parameters of social and psychological adaptation for the development of rehabilitation programs.
Materials and Methods. The study included 48 male veterans of local conflicts who sought help with depressive symptoms. Assessment was conducted using the Social and Psychological Adaptation Questionnaire (SPAC) and the Depressed Mood Scale (DMS). The hypothesis of an inverse correlation between the level of depression and adaptation indicators was tested.
Results. A significant prevalence of affective pathology was revealed: severe depression — 20 %, subdepression — 13 %, mild depression — 27 % of subjects. Only 53 % of participants demonstrated a high level of adaptation. Correlation analysis confirmed statistically significant negative relationships between depression levels and key adaptation parameters: general adaptation, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort, and internality.
Conclusion. The results demonstrate a close relationship between the severity of affective symptoms and impaired psychosocial functioning. The identified correlations confirm the maladaptive role of depressive disorders. The findings highlight the need to develop comprehensive rehabilitation programs aimed not only at reducing symptoms but also at restoring social and psychological adaptation, which is particularly relevant given the challenges of modern digitalization.ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA TREATMENT METHODS: RESULTS OF A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 100 CLINICAL CASES AT THE REPUBLICAN CLINICAL ONCOLOGY DISPENSARY OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC
UDC: 616.36-006.6Section: The original article
Authors: Svetlana Valerievna Lezhenina; Mytsikov Alexander Vitalievich; Bochkareva Natalia Rudolfovna; Gorodetskaya Irina Dmitrievna; Melsik Spartakovich Denisov; Nadezhda Vyacheslavovna Shuvalova
Annotation: This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of various treatment methods for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 100 patients treated at the Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary of the Chuvash Republic from 2019 to 2024. The results of surgical, systemic, and combined treatments were compared, taking into account the clinical stages of the disease and the medications used. It was shown that polychemotherapy (29 %) and drug treatment (targeted therapy) (24 %) predominate in the treatment structure, which is associated with the late diagnosis of HCC and the limited possibilities of radical interventions. The greatest effectiveness in disease control was observed with combined methods (chemoembolization in combination with polychemotherapy — 60 %), while isolated surgical interventions showed minimal stabilization results (28.5 %). Among the drugs, the best results were achieved with lenvatinib (50 %) and cabozantinib (33.3 %), which is consistent with current international data and recommendations for the use of these agents in first- and second-line systemic therapy. These results are consistent with Russian and international studies, confirming the increasing role of combination and targeted approaches in the treatment of HCC.IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN NEWBORNS
UDC: 616.348-002.44-053.3Section: The original article
Authors: Djurabaev Avaz Azizovich; Mamasaidov Zhamoliddin Turgunbaevich
Annotation: The pathomorphological changes observed in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns exhibit specific characteristics that are closely associated with the dynamics of the postnatal period. During the first 0 to 7 days of life, the disease typically develops against a background of immunodeficiency, whereas from days 8 to 28 it manifests as a hyperergic inflammatory response, leading to hyperplasia of the mucosal and submucosal layers of the small intestine, as well as of MALT structures. These processes, in turn, result in severe clinicomorphological consequences, such as intestinal perforation. This necessitates the development of standardized criteria for the histomorphometric evaluation of all anatomical layers of the neonatal small intestine at various stages of early postnatal development. Such criteria will enable future assessment of the risk of severe complications that may lead to fatal outcomes in cases of NEC.A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE BASED ON ATTENTION INDICATORS
UDC: [612.821.2:159.944]:Section: The original article
Authors: Shpankova Yulia Aleksandrovna
Annotation: Assessing and continuously monitoring students' mental performance is an important and pressing task in the modern educational process. Medical students often experience increased intellectual stress during their studies, which negatively impacts their attention, the parameters on which their academic success depends.
Study Objective: To assess the mental performance of medical students studying in their native and foreign languages, based on attention parameters.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 second-year students with varying levels of Russian language proficiency were recruited for the study. An analysis of student performance was conducted using a proofreading test.
Results: A comparative analysis of student performance was conducted based on attention indicators.
Conclusion: It was found that attention indicators were within normal limits for all groups. However, students studying in English at the Faculty of Information Systems (FIS) achieved the best results, which was facilitated by their slightly different approach to completing the test.