ABSTRACT. This paper describes the formation of obstetrics and gynecology services in the Republic of Mari El. Since the end of the 19th century, the position of a midwife officially appeared in the region at the Tsarevokokshay hospital; at the beginning of the 20th century, the position of a midwife was introduced and an obstetric department with 15 beds was opened and the first obstetrician-gynecologist appeared. In 1961, an order was issued by the city health department to create a city maternity hospital in Yoshkar-Ola, and on September 28, 1961, the first newborn was born in the newly built maternity hospital building. In 1978, a antenatal clinic was opened in Yoshkar-Ola on Gagarin Avenue for 500 visits per shift. In the same year, specialized medical appointments for infertility, contraception, and cervical treatment appeared, and the clinical diagnostic laboratory expanded. In 1994, the Maternity Hospital received the status of a Perinatal Center in Yoshkar-Ola. The perinatal center is currently equipped with modern medical equipment and widely uses new methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies. In the 21st century, this is a specialized healthcare institution that provides the full range of medical care to women related to pregnancy and childbirth.